Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities powered by 5G have the potential to affect every part of our lives. The technology will enable both the next generation of solutions for autonomous vehicles, smart homes and smart cities, as well as compelling use cases for enterprises across industries. In short, 5G IoT has the potential to be a critical driver of digital transformation.
5G networks bring widespread connectivity with ultra-low latency and higher throughput. 5G has up to 1,000x greater capacity than 4G and can move data at up to 100x higher speeds . This allows mission critical connectivity and support for massive IoT. Estimates range from 25 to 75 billion IoT devices in place and connected by 2030. The breadth and reach of IoT will be significant, ranging from small, precise data readings to complex interactions between devices and the cloud.
While there are tremendous opportunities for developers to take advantage of the potential of 5G IoT, there are several technical challenges that must be considered as use cases and IoT solutions are envisioned. Here are five steps that we believe will help make your 5G IoT network deployment easier, and safer.
1.Assessing the security landscape
Enterprises already face security challenges on their path to digital transformation. The number of connected devices has forced both enterprises and individuals to assess access vulnerability and other security risks – whether it’s a sensor on a robotic arm or a baby monitor in a child’s bedroom. But with the implementation of more expansive IoT networks, the increased number of connected devices creates a much larger attack surface for potential cyber threats. Security needs to protect against data breaches, malware and denial of service (DoS) attacks, just to name a few.
The following security considerations need to be part of 5G IoT solution development:
- Authentication and access control – Connected devices may be vulnerable to unauthorized access or spoofing, making it critical to implement secure authentication and access control. Multi-cloud environments create increased access points and the potential for insecure interfaces and APIs. Strong authentication mechanisms like two-factor authentication, biometrics and public key infrastructure-based certificates can help mitigate risk.
- Data privacy – IoT devices are capable of generating and transmitting large amounts of data, which must be protected against theft and misuse. Encryption technologies can be used to secure both static and transmitted data.
- Network security – Adding devices means adding to your threat surface. Network security measures such as intrusion detection systems, firewalls and virtual private networks can mitigate threats targeting the network infrastructure.
- Device security – Connected devices may be vulnerable to physical attacks such as tampering and software attacks like malware and ransomware. Implementing a broader range of devices will also expose a broader range of machines and equipment to potential threats. Developers need to be sure that plans are in place to update firmware, software and security patches for all sensors and devices, and to ensure that policies or prompts are in place to change passwords from factory defaults
- Device management – Security and encryption protocols vary across IoT devices and platforms, a potential risk factor for implementing consistent security measures and ensuring interoperability. Standardization for IoT device management is evolving, but some devices and platforms may still have their own security measures built in
One way to increase data security is by choosing a single provider for all hardware, edge devices and management software. Having one trusted partner can reduce potential security risks, but developers still need to build in or consider endpoint detection and response (EDR), secure APIs, authentication and encrypted communications, among other approaches.
2.Focus on device security
Enterprises need to implement unified device visibility, profiling and control systems, and ensure that only the correct IoT devices are on their networks. As the number of devices grows, this becomes an increasingly complex task. It takes only one weak point to compromise these systems, which makes continuous monitoring and an intelligent approach to access and device management more crucial to maintain the safety of corporate networks. Automation is necessary to manage devices at this scale, and management software can identify and act on failures or predict system issues before devices go offline.
Developers and solution architects need to envision which staff members have access, how they gain access and how these permissions can be revoked when necessary. The enterprise needs to have measures in place to ensure only authorized users can gain access to devices.
Firmware and hardware must be updated with the latest security patches and features to remain secure. Over time, devices may require battery replacements, repairs or other maintenance. Taking time to consider how to manage these tasks before deployment can minimize security risks. These tasks also include using firewalls, conducting routine malware scans, monitoring DNS activity and making threat intelligence a top concern at all times – not to mention training employees on new technology to prevent attacks dependent on human error.
3.Compatibility and interoperability
Developers must consider that new solutions may need to operate alongside existing systems, most of which will be in place for some time. 5G IoT may need to coexist with 4G, LTE-M and LTE, and work together with enterprise LAN/WAN, Low Powered WAN (LPWA), RFID, Wi-Fi and new iterations of 5G networks. A good example might be the logistics industry. 5G will provide the low latency and high bandwidth necessary for negotiating urban traffic, making deliveries and coordinating vehicle movement at the loading bay, but LTE-M is an excellent option for low-bandwidth applications. 5G also has tremendous applications inside the warehouse, but enterprise networks, Wi-Fi and RFID will also continue to have applications as freight is loaded and unloaded.
There are several different standards and protocols for IoT devices, which can create not only security issues but also interoperability issues. Standards will evolve and new devices are still being developed. Some devices in use today will become obsolete. Organizations will need to deploy devices and IoT devices with the confidence that they are future-proofed.
4.Managing complexity
5G wireless technology comes in a variety of products with a wide range of features, which make it more complex than previous iterations. Your project will likely require highly-skilled network technicians with knowledge of 5G to set it up and manage it properly. Some enterprises will consider engaging a partner or trusted vendor to guide their 5G IoT strategy and implementation.
Operational processes for this new technology are not just different but more complex to develop. Processing can be done in the device, at the edge or in the cloud (see Exploring telco 5G edge computing). 5G networks will try to process as much of the data at the edge (close to the user) and process the control data on the cloud. While this will reduce latency, it does increase complexity.
Careful software selection and development is also important. Selecting software for an IoT project prioritises ease of integration and maintenance. Typically, IoT businesses need to balance adopting third-party software against developing an internal, tailored solution. Using open-source software can offer more flexibility and is usually the most cost-effective solution.
5.Operations and deployment
IoT solutions can function in a variety of environments that can be difficult for humans or electronics to endure. These could include maintaining temperatures in industrial freezers, detecting seismic waves in deserts, or monitoring machines on a factory floor. Locations like these bring practical challenges, including physical installation difficulties and hardware protection.
Long-term usability, maintenance, and security of IoT implementations are crucial to success. For all devices in the field, whether it be to perform software updates, change or recharge batteries, or decommission hardware, physical access will be required for maintenance. Using advanced software can help you create automated processes and complete functions remotely, minimizing time spent in the field.
For all IoT-related projects, the availability and selection of hardware is key. There are embedded solutions available, from off-the-shelf multi-purpose devices to application-specific modules and components. The more specialized the hardware is, the more integration considerations come with it, along with a higher price tag. Although a more generic device may be easier to source, cheaper and more compatible, it may not address the target use case. Some devices may need to be certified to ensure compatibility with the desired network or software.
5G networks are still evolving as infrastructure is deployed. Telecom companies rolling out 5G in both urban and rural areas are managing issues like spectrum availability and licensing, network costs and regulation. Bell Canada’s coverage map can help guide you in your enterprise’s roll out plans.
Next steps
While there are challenges in 5G IoT deployment, the opportunities vastly exceed the challenges. To take full advantage of the opportunities, developers should have a solid understanding of:
- 5G network infrastructure, with a particular focus on edge computing infrastructure, as well as latency and bandwidth requirements if designing real time applications;
- Security features and certifications available for their 5G environment;
- Compliant DevSecOps;
- Sensor and device power consumption – many IoT devices are battery powered and need to operate efficiently to conserve power;
- Cloud - 5G IoT services offer seamless integrations with cloud services, providing scalability and flexibility.
We have only begun to envision all of the use cases for 5G IoT smart networks. Beyond specific use cases, smart networks have potential across industries, with opportunities in natural resources, aviation, healthcare, agriculture and logistics to name a few. All of these industries can reap the rewards of IoT as developers and architects look to 5G to solve today’s business problems.